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Parasomnia - Disorders that intrude into the sleep process and involve physical and behavioral manifestations during arousal, partial arousal, and sleep stage transition. These disorders occur most frequently with children and usually occur in NREM sleep stages. Common parasomnias are night terrors, sleep walking (somnambulism), and sleep-related bruxism (teeth grinding). They are divided into four groups: Arousal Disorders, Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders, Parasomnias Usually Associated with REM Sleep, and Other Parasomnias.
Pathological Sleep - Abnormal sleep patterns.
Pavor Nocturnus (Night Terrors) - See Night Terrors.
Perceptual Disengagement - Refers to change in consciousness at the onset of sleep when environmental stimuli are no longer perceived, and there is no longer any conscious, meaningful interaction with the environment.
Periodic Breathing - Characterized by repetitive short apneic pauses, common in premature infants.
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder - Also known as Periodic Leg Movements of Sleep and Nocturnal Myoclonus. Characterized by periodic episodes of repetitive limb movements during sleep. The movements are often associated with a partial arousal or awakening; however, the patient is usually unaware of the limb movements or frequent sleep disruption. . There can be marked night-to-night variability in the number of movements.
Persistent Insomnia - Continuing insomnia that responds poorly to treatment.
Pharynx - The area at the back of the mouth behind the nares and the oral cavity. It functions as a passageway for air from the nares and the mouth to the lungs; and for food and liquids from the mouth to the esophagus.
Phasic (Event/Activity) - Brain, muscle, or autonomic event of a brief and episodic nature occurring in sleep. Characteristically occurs during REM sleep, such as eye movements and/or muscle twitches, and can last from milliseconds to 1-2 seconds.
Photoperiod - The duration of light in a light/dark cycle.
Pickwickian Syndrome - Obesity accompanied by sleepiness, lethargy, chronic hypoventilation, low oxygen levels, and secondary polycythemia (a condition marked by an abnormal increase in the number of circulating red blood cells). Usually has severe obstructive sleep apnea.
Pineal Gland - A gland in the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin.
PLMD-Arousal Index - The number of sleep-related periodic leg movements per hour of sleep that are associated with a micro-arousal from sleep. See Periodic Leg Movement Disorder.
Polycyclic - In reference to sleep, multiple sleep periods and wake periods in a 24-hour day.
Polysomnogram - A continuous and simultaneous recording of multiple physiological variables during sleep.
Polysomnograph - A biomedical instrument for the measurement of multiple physiological variables of sleep. It records the sleep physiological parameters of EEG, EOG, EMG, EKG, respiratory airflow, respiratory movements, leg movements, and other parameters depending on the situation.
Polysomnographic Technologist - Health care professional trained in performing diagnostic sleep studies.
Post-Prandial Drowsiness - Sleepiness caused by a natural decrease in body temperature. This occurs after meals and is particularly evident after lunch.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder - The re-experiencing of a traumatic event in the form of repetitive dreams, recurrent and intrusive daytime recollections, and/or dissociative flashback episodes.
Premature Morning Awakening - Early termination of the major sleep episode with inability to return to sleep.
Prescribed CPAP Pressure - The pressure(s) or settings that are determined by a CPAP titration sleep study, which a physician prescribes for a patient's CPAP therapy machine.
Prodromal Symptom - An indication of an impending disease state.
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