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Macroglossia - Large tongue; usually a congenital disorder (present at birth). May result from other medical conditions such as acromegaly.
Marijuana - Parts or extracts of the hemp plant, which contain an active ingredient called tetrahydrocanabinol (THC) that is euphorogenic. Some people use marijuana at bedtime as an aid to falling asleep.
Maxillofacial - Pertains to the jaws and face.
Maxillomandibular advancement - This surgical procedure opens the airway behind the palate as well as behind the base of the tongue. The operation cuts the bone of the upper and lower jaw and pulls these structures forward. This is performed under general anesthesia and requires a two-day hospital stay. This type of treatment is usually done if previous procedures have not completely improved the obstructive breathing episodes and the patient has persistent symptoms of daytime sleepiness and fatigue.
Melatonin - A hormone secreted by the pineal gland in the brain. Melatonin has been reported to have hypnotic properties, leading some to suggest that melatonin, which is released at night, may be an endogenous sleep inducer.
MESAM 4 - Type of portable recording device used in diagnostic sleep studies.
Microsleep - Very brief episode of sleep that occurs in the midst of ongoing wakeful activity. Microsleeps are associated with sleep deprivation, drowsiness and automatic behavior.
Mixed Sleep Apnea - Combination of central and obstructive apnea.
Monocyclic - Having a single major sleep period and a single major wake period in one 24-hour day.
Motor Activity in Sleep - Any muscular movement during sleep.
Movement Arousal - A body movement associated with an EEG pattern of arousal or a full awakening.
Motor Atonia - Absence of muscle activity during sleep, a normal phenomenon during REM sleep.
Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) - The standard test used to quantify the overall daytime sleep tendency by measuring the speed of falling asleep (sleep latency) usually in 5 tests carried out at two-hour intervals. This test also helps in the diagnosis of narcolepsy. Patients with narcolepsy often go directly from wakefulness to REM, which can be evaluated with the MSLT.
Muscle Tone - The amount of tension in a muscle.
Myoclonus - Muscle contractions in the form of abrupt "jerks" or twitches generally lasting less than 100 milliseconds. The term should not be confused with the periodic limb movements of sleep that characteristically have a duration of 0.5-5 seconds.
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