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Basic Sleep Cycle - See Sleep Cycle.
Benzodiazepines - Class of sedative medication commonly used to treat anxiety and insomnia.
Beta Activity - Brain waves seen in alert wakefulness which have a frequency greater than 13 Hz (Hertz).
Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure (Bi-level or Bi-PAP) - See CPAP. A CPAP device providing two measured pressure levels of continuous airflow: one level for inhalation and a lower level for exhalation.
Biological Clock - A term applied to the brain process that regulates 24-hour fluctuations in body temperature, hormone secretion, and a host of other bodily activities. Its most important function is to foster the daily alternation of sleep and wakefulness. The biological clock is housed in a pair of tiny bilateral brain areas called the suprachiasmatic nuclei.
Biological Rhythms (Circadian Rhythms) - An innate daily fluctuation of physiological or behavioral functions, including sleep-wake states generally tied to the 24-hour daily dark-light cycle. Sometimes occurs at a measurably different periodicity (e.g. 23 or 25 hours) when light-dark and other time cues are removed.
Body Position - In sleep studies, four sleep positions are identified; back, left side, right side or abdomen. Some tests also indicate if a patient is sitting up. The amount of time spent sleeping in each position and the occurrence of respiratory events in a particular position are tabulated. Body position is recorded in both diagnostic sleep studies and CPAP titration studies.
Bradycardia - A heart rhythm with a rate below 60 beats per minute in a human adult.
Brain Waves - Spontaneous electrical activity of the brain studied by method of electroencephalography (EEG).
Bruxism (Toothgrinding) - Grinding one's teeth while asleep. This occurs at some time in approximately 70% of people; most have no noticeable side effects. However, 5% of victims develop symptoms such as tooth wear, jaw pain and headaches. Episodes of grinding are more severe after stressful days.
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